3.1 Operating sysytem

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 Operating Systems: -

  • An operating system is a set of programs that are capable of managing the resources and the operations of the computer.
  • It is system software, which acts like an interface between the user and the system components.
  • It is the first program loaded into the computer by a boot program.
  • It is considered the backbone of the computer.
  • It performs basic tasks, such as

    1. Identifying the input from the keyboard,
    2. sending output to the display screen,
    3. Keeping track of files and directories on the disk memory,
    4. Controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers,
    5. Providing security for authorised user access.

 

  • We can install more than one operating system on one computer, but we can ably access and function with only one operating system at a time.
  • The most popular operating systems are MS-DOS , OS/2 , Unix , Windows 98 , Windows XP , Windows Vista , Windows 7 , Windows 8, windows 10, windows 11, MAC , Linux  etc…

 

Functions of operating System: -

  • The operating system performs many important functions in a computer. Following are the main functions of an operating system.

    1. Booting the computer.
    2. Perform basic computer tasks.
    3. Handle system resources.
    4. Provides file management.
    5. Provides user interface.

 

1) Booting the computer: -

  • The process of starting or restarting the computer system is known as Booting.
  • It consists of two types of booting.

     a) Cold Boot: - 

  • a cold boot is a process when we turn on the computer system without help of operating system. (Starting a system by power on).

    b) Warm Boot: - 

  • A warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart the computer.

 

2) Performs basic computer tasks: -

  • The operating system performs basic computer tasks like managing various peripheral devices such as mouse, keyboard, printers, speakers, scanners...etc.
  • Assigning different types of tasks being performed by the computer system.
  • Input and output management.


3) Handle system resources: -

  • The operating system handles system resources such as allocating memories, managing memories, monitoring the memories and also manages other storage areas.
  • Memory management is a process of allocation of main memory and other storage areas to the system programs as well as user programs.

 

4) Provides file management: -

  • The file management system allows the user to perform several tasks. Such as

                -> Creation of a new file.

                -> Modification in an existing file.

                -> Copying a file and directories from one storage location to another location.

                -> Moving a file and directories from one storage location to another location.

                -> Renaming file and directories.

 

  • It supports different types of file systems, are FAT (File Allocation Table) , FAT 32 , FAT ex , FAT 64  and  NTFS (New Allocation Technology For System).

 

5) Provides user interface: -

  • The Operating system provides an Interface which provides interaction or communication between the user and the computer system hardware components.  
  • It will handle the errors during the program loading or executions in computer’s hardware or memory.

 

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