3.2 Type of operating system

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 Types of operating systems: -

  • The various operating systems are developed depending on the requirements and the cost-bearing capacity of the users.

                            1. Single-User Operating System.

                            2. Multi-User Operating System.

                            3. Single-Tasking Operating System.

                            4. Multi-Tasking Operating System.

                            5. Multi-Programming Operating System.

                            6. Multi-Processing Operating System.

                            7. Time-Sharing Operating System

                            8. Network Operating System.

                            9. Real-Time Operating System.

 

1. Single-User Operating System: -

  • A single-user operating system is an operating system which allows us an interface to interact only 1 user to work with 1 copy of the operating system at any given time.
  • The user can interact with this operating system by typing commands to perform specific tasks or operations.
  • Here in this operating system, we use a command-line interface to interact with the application.
  • An example of a single-user operating system is MSDOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System).

 

2. Multi-User Operating System: -

  • A multi-user operating system is a type of operating system (OS) that allows multiple users on different computers or terminals to access a single system with one operating system on it.
  • It allows two or more users to run programs at the same time.
  • It allows a GUI (Graphical User Interface) interface to interact multiple users to work with one copy of the operating system. The user can use GUI to interact with Windows components with the help of Windows API (Application Program Interface).
  • We can perform quick operations on the Windows operating system with the help of a pointing device called a MOUSE.
  • Some multi-user operating systems are Windows 2000, windows NT , Windows XP, etc.

 

3. Single-Tasking Operating System: -

  • A single-tasking operating system is a type of operating system that can process one application at one time.
  • The user can only work on one application at a time.
  • The user cannot start another application till the processing of one application has been finished by the operating system.
  • An example of a single-tasking operating system is MSDOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System).

 

4. Multi-Tasking Operating System: -

  • A multitasking operating system is a type of operating system that is capable of running more than one application at a time.
  • For example, at some time you might be downloading something from the internet, as well as writing mail to your friend and listening to music also.
  • Multi-user operating systems also have the property of multitasking. It improves the overall efficiency of the computer.
  • Most desktop, laptop, and notebook (mini lap) operating systems function with some type of multitasking operating system.
  • Even equipment such as ATMs (Automatic Teller Machines) still make use of some type of multitasking operating system.
  • Some multitasking operating systems are Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows NT.


5. Multi-Programming Operating System:-

  • Multi-programming refers to the execution of two or more different and independent programs by the computer.
  • In this, two or more programs reside or stored in main memory (RAM) and are executed concurrently.
  • Since there is only one processor, there can be no true simultaneous execution of a program, then part of another, and so on. To the user it appears that all programs are executing at the same time.
  • Some multi-programming operating systems are Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows NT.

 

6. Multi-Processing Operating System:-

  • A multi-processing operating system allows a program to run on more than one CPU (central processing unit) at a time.
  • If one CPU breaks down, the other CPU will automatically take over its job. This is called Parallel Processing.
  • It improves the performance of the computer system by allowing parallel processing of segments of the program.
  • Some multi-processing operating systems are Windows 2000, Unix and Linux.

 

7. Time-Sharing Operating System:-

  • Time sharing is a technique of allocation of computer resources in a time-dependent fashion to several programs simultaneously.
  • It helps to provide a large number of users direct access to the main computer.
  • In time sharing, the CPU is divided among different users on a scheduled basis.
  • Therefore, each user is given a brief share of the CPU time. This brief share of CPU time is called a “time slice” , “time slot” , “quantum”, which may vary from 10 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds.
  • The time-sharing operating system keeps only a few programs in the main memory, and the rest are stored in the disk storage. The program remains on the hard disk until it is not active, and when CPU time is allocated to it the program is brought to the main memory.
  • This operation of transforming programs from one disk storage to main memory and back is known as Swapping.
  • Some time-sharing operating systems are Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Unix and Linux.

 

8. Network Operating System:-

  • Networking operating system (NOS) is the software that runs on a computer, which acts as a server.
  • NOS provide the capabilities required for network operations. It enables the server to manage the data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions.
  • NOS are based on a client/server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share data and resources.
  • It allows remote users to connect to a network.
  • It monitors the status and functionality of the network system.
  • The most popular network operating systems are MicrosoftWindows Server 2003, MicrosoftWindows Server 2008, Unix, Linux and Novell NetWare.

 

9. Real-Time Operating System:-

  • A Real time operating system is an operating system that has been developed for real-time applications.
  • It responds to input instantly.
  • It is designed to handle events as they occur.
  • These are commonly found and used in Robotics.
  • Linux operating system is the best example for Real time operating system.

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