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Basic Networking Devices: Routers, Switches, Modems: - Networking devices or Networking hardware are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. The commonly used Basic Networking Devices are:                    1.  Switch.                    2.  Router.                    3.  Modem. 1) Switch: - A Switch is a data link layer networking device which connects devices in a network and uses packet switching to send and receive data over the network. Like a hub, a switch also has many ports, to which computers are plugged in. However, when a data frame arrives at any port of a network switch, it examines the destination address and sends the frame to the corresponding device(s). Thus, it supports both unicast and multicast commun...

Network Topologies: - A Network Topology is the arrangement of computer systems or network devices are connected to each other. Topologies may define both physical and logical aspect of the network. Both logical and physical topologies could be same or different in a same network. The arrangement of a network which comprises of nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred as network topology. The major topologies of LAN are: 1) Point-to-Point: - Point-to-point networks contain exactly two hosts such as computer, switches or routers, servers connected back to back using a single piece of cable. Often, the receiving end of one host is connected to sending end of the other and vice-versa. If the hosts are connected point-to-point logically, then may have multiple intermediate devices. But the end hosts are unaware of underlying network and see each other as if they are connected directly.   2) Bus Topology: - Bus topology i...

Basics of Networking: - A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications. Computer Networks are divided several classes regarding the size, distance and the structure. Networks can use:                    1.  Wired connections such as Ethernet cables and fiber-optic cables                    2.  Wireless connections such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and mobile networks   Computer networks can be classified based on: Geographical Area Transmission Medium Ownership and Access Control   1) Classification Based on Geographical Area: - This classification is based on the physical area covered by a network. The main types are:                a. PAN      ...