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4.7 Internet Fundamentals: IP, DNS, URLs, Browsers, Search Engines.

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 Internet: - The Internet is a network of networks . The Internet is a worldwide network that connects millions of computers, smartphones, servers, and other devices. It allows people to: Search for information Send emails Watch videos Use social media Make online payments Attend online classes Download and upload files IP Address: - IP stands for Internet Protocol . An IP address is a unique numerical address given to a device connected to a network. It helps identify the device and allows data to be sent to the correct destination. Types of IP Addresses 1. IPv4 IPv4 uses 32 bits . An IPv4 address contains four numbers separated by dots . IPv4 provides approximately 4.3 billion addresses . Example:                                    192.168.1.10 2. IPv6 IPv6 uses 128 bits . IPv6 was introduced to provide a much larger number of IP addresses. Examp...
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3.5 Plotting with Pandas

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  v   Plotting with pandas: -                     Example: -                     Output: -
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4.4 Introduction of Plotly

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Plotly: - Plotly is a powerful and interactive plotting library in Python. Unlike Matplotlib, Plotly allows users to zoom, pan, hover, and interact with plots in real-time. It can create a wide variety of plots: line, scatter, bar, pie, bubble, 3D plots, maps, and dashboards.   Plotly can be installed using pip: py -m pip install plotly Modules of plotly are Plotly Express and Plotly Graph Objects. Plotly Express is a python visualization library for creating interactive and beautiful visualizations. it is used to produce professional and easy plots. Plotly Graph Objects are used to produce more complex plots than that of Plotly Express. Key Features of Plotly: - Interactive plots: Hover over points to see values, zoom into regions, or click legend items. Web-friendly: Plots can be embedded in web apps (e.g., using Dash). Multiple chart types: Supports advanced visualizations like 3D surfaces, choropleth maps, sunburst charts. Integration with Pandas: Directly plot Data...
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4.3 Introduction of MATPLOTLIB

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  Introduction of   MATPLOTLIB: - Matplotlib is a popular Python library used for creating visualizations, including plots and graphs. Though Matplotlib is mainly for plotting, it can also help in generating sample data for visualization using functions like numpy integration. Generating data allows you to simulate real-world data for testing and analysis. To use Matplotlib for plotting and data generation, we usually import: numpy is used to generate numeric data like arrays, random numbers, or sequences.   Installing MatPlotLib: - Matplotlib can be installed by using command py -m pip install matplotlib Plotting with PYPLOT: - Matplotlib is a Python library for creating 2D plots and graphs. Pyplot is a submodule of Matplotlib that provides a Matlab-like interface for plotting. Using Pyplot, we can create line plots, scatter plots, bar charts, histograms, and more. To use Pyplot, we import Often, numpy is imported to generate or manage numeric data...
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1.18 Identifiers in c

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  Identifiers: - Identifiers are names used for program elements like variables, functions, arrays, structures, unions, constants, and labels. Every identifier must have a unique name to help to recognize and use values or functions during program execution. The value of an identifier can change during the program as per the programmer's need. Identifiers can have uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and underscores. It uses 63 characters (26 uppercase, 26 lowercase + 10 digits) can be used to form identifiers. Here underscore character is treated as letter, commonly used in the middle of identifiers.   Rules for Writing Identifiers: - An identifier must start with a letter (A–Z or a–z) or an underscore _. It can contain letters, digits (0–9), or underscores after the first character. An identifier cannot begin with a digit. Uppercase and lowercase lette...
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