4.3 Basic Networking Devices: Routers, Switches, Modems

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Basic Networking Devices: Routers, Switches, Modems: -

  • Networking devices or Networking hardware are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network.
  • The commonly used Basic Networking Devices are:

                1. Switch.

                2. Router.

                3. Modem.

1) Switch: -

  • A Switch is a data link layer networking device which connects devices in a network and uses packet switching to send and receive data over the network.
  • Like a hub, a switch also has many ports, to which computers are plugged in.
  • However, when a data frame arrives at any port of a network switch, it examines the destination address and sends the frame to the corresponding device(s). Thus, it supports both unicast and multicast communications.


2) Router: -

  • A Router is a network layer of the OSI model, it is a hardware device that transmits data from one LAN to another if both networks support the same set of protocols.
  • A Router is typically connected to at least two LANs and the Internet Service Provider (ISP).
  • Routers serve two primary functions:

             a) Create and maintain a local area network.

            b) Manage the data entering and leaving the network as well as data moving inside of the                     network.

  • In your home network, your router has one connection to the Internet and one connection to your private local network.
  • Moreover, most routers also contain built-in switches that allow you to connect multiple wired devices.
  • When a data packet arrives, the router inspects the destination address, consults its routing tables to decide the optimal route and then transfers the packet along this route.
  • A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses.


3) Modem: -

  • Modem is short for "Modulator Demodulator."
  • It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device, such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet.
  • The modulator converts digital data (1s and 0s) into analog data when the data is being sent by the computer.
  • The demodulator converts analog data signals into digital data (1s and 0s) when it is being received by the computer or it converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire to digital data that a computer can recognize. Similarly, it converts digital data from a computer or other device into an analog signal that can be sent over standard telephone lines.
  • The main function of the modem is to convert digital signal into analog and vice versa. Modem is a combination of two devices − modulator and demodulator.
  • Modem can be categorized in several ways like direction in which it can transmit data, type of connection to the transmission line, transmission mode, etc.



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