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Basic Networking Devices: Routers, Switches, Modems: - Networking devices or Networking hardware are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. The commonly used Basic Networking Devices are:                    1.  Switch.                    2.  Router.                    3.  Modem. 1) Switch: - A Switch is a data link layer networking device which connects devices in a network and uses packet switching to send and receive data over the network. Like a hub, a switch also has many ports, to which computers are plugged in. However, when a data frame arrives at any port of a network switch, it examines the destination address and sends the frame to the corresponding device(s). Thus, it supports both unicast and multicast commun...

Network Topologies: - A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other. Topologies may define both physical and logical aspect of the network. Both logical and physical topologies could be same or different in a same network. The arrangement of a network which comprises of nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred as network topology. The major topologies of LAN are: 1) Point-to-Point: - Point-to-point networks contain exactly two hosts such as computer, switches or routers, servers connected back to back using a single piece of cable. Often, the receiving end of one host is connected to sending end of the other and vice-versa. If the hosts are connected point-to-point logically, then may have multiple intermediate devices. But the end hosts are unaware of underlying network and see each other as if they are connected directly.   2) Bus Topology: - Bus to...

Basics of Networking: - A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share their resources, data, and applications. Computer Networks are divided several classes regarding the size, distance and the structure. A computer network is mainly of three types:                     1. LAN (Local Area Network)                         2. MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)                         3.  WAN(Wide Area Network)                         4.  WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)   1) LAN (Local Area Network): - A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and peripheral devices which are connected in a limited ar...

  v Enterprise Software: Ø   ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software modules are integrated components that manage specific business processes within a single, centralized system, offering benefits like streamlined operations, improved data accuracy, and real time visibility across the enterprise. Ø   Basic modules often include Financial Management, which handles accounting and financial reporting; Human Resources (HR), for managing personnel; Procurement, for purchasing goods and services; and Supply Chain Management, which tracks goods from suppliers to customers. Ø   The core benefit of an ERP system is its unified platform that automates processes, reduces errors and redundancies, and provides crucial data for strategic decision making.   Common Basic ERP Modules ·         Financial Management: Manages accounting, accounts payable and receivable, financial reporting, and overall cash flow.   · ...