4.4 Client Server architecture

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Client Server architecture: -

  • Client Server architecture is a network design where clients request services and servers provide services. 
  • This model is widely used in computer networks, web applications, and database systems.


  • Components: 

        1. Client: -

  • It requests services or resources from the server.
  • Examples: Web browser, mobile application, desktop software.

        2. Server: -

  • It provides services, processes requests, and sends responses to clients.
  • Examples: Web server, database server, file server.

 

        3. Network: -

  • The communication medium between client and server (LAN, WAN, or Internet).

 

Working Process: -

step 1: - Client sends request → The client sends a service request to the server.

step 2: - Server processes request → The server performs the required operations.

step 3: -Server sends response → The processed data or resource is sent back to the client.


Advantages: -

  • Centralized control and management.
  • Easy to maintain and update.
  • Scalable (more clients can be added easily).

 

Disadvantages: -

  • Single point of failure (if server fails, services stop).
  • Server overload if many clients send requests.
  • Initial cost for server setup is high Examples.
  • Web browser (client) accessing a website (web server).
  • ATM (client) communicating with a bank server.
  • Email client like Outlook connecting to mail servers



v  Internet Fundamentals: -

Ø  The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that communicate using standardized protocols. Understanding its fundamental components is important for accessing and using online resources effectively.

Ø  The key internet fundamentals: -

1.      IP

2.      DNS

3.      URLs

4.      Browsers

5.      Search Engines

 

1)    IP: -

Ø  IP stands for Internet Protocol.

Ø  IP is a set of rules that govern how data is sent and received over the internet.

Ø  It provides a unique IP address to each device to identify and communicate on the network.

Ø  Types of IP:

a.      IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1) – 32bit address.

b.      IPv6 (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334) – 128-bit address.

2)    DNS: -

Ø  DNS stands for Domain Name System.

Ø  DNS is the phonebook of the Internet.

Ø  It converts domain names into IP addresses.

Ø  Example: www.google.com → 142.250.190.14

Ø  Function: Make it easier for users to access websites without remembering long IP numbers.

 

3)    URLs: -

Ø  URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.

Ø  A URL is the address of a resource on the Internet.

Ø  Components of a URL:

·        Protocol: https://

·        Domain name: www.google.com

·        Path: /about

·        Example: https://www.google.com/wiki/Internet

 

4)    Browsers: -

Ø  A web browser is software that allows users to access and view websites.

Ø  Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge

Ø  Functions:

a.      Sends requests to web server.

b.      Renders and displays web pages.

c.      Supports bookmarks, extensions, and downloads.

 

d.     Search Engines: -

Ø  A search engine is a web-based tool that helps users find information on the internet.

Ø  It works:

a.      Crawls and indexes web pages.

b.      Matches user queries with relevant results.

c.      Displays results (SERPs – Search Engine Result Pages).

 

Ø  Examples: Google, Bing, Yahoo, DuckDuckGo, Mozilla Firefox

 

User → Browser → DNS → IP Address → Web Server → Web Page → Display in Browser





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